- Developers obtained permits to build 12.8 multifamily housing units for every 10,000 people in the U.S. over the past year—down from an average of 16.7 during the pandemic building boom.
- North Port, FL and Austin are issuing more multifamily permits than any other metros Redfin analyzed, while Stockton, CA and Bakersfield, CA are issuing the fewest.
Developers obtained permits to build an average of 12.8 multifamily housing units for every 10,000 people in the U.S. over the past year. That’s down 23.1% from an average of 16.7 during the pandemic building boom, and down 1.1% from an average of 13 in the years leading up to the pandemic.
This is according to a Redfin analysis of U.S. Census Bureau data covering building permits for multifamily units in buildings with five or more units. The most recent period (“the past year”) represents the average monthly value for July 2024-June 2025. The pandemic period represents the average across those same months in 2020-2023, and the pre-pandemic period represents the average across those months in 2014-2020.
Remote work during the pandemic allowed scores of Americans to relocate, leading to a surge in rental demand. Builders ramped up construction in response—particularly in high-demand Sun Belt states including Texas and Florida. As a result, the number of units being completed hit a 50-year high in 2024, causing rents to fall as landlords struggled to fill vacancies. Falling rents and high borrowing costs for builders made building less attractive, which is why we’re now seeing a decline in permits.
Rents have been falling or flat for much of the past two years, but last month, the median asking rent rose 1.7% from a year earlier.
“Asking rents may now be ticking up because the pool of new apartments renters have to choose from is shrinking while demand for rentals is growing,” said Redfin Senior Economist Sheharyar Bokhari. “Renters could see perks like free parking start to disappear if the balance of power shifts further toward landlords.”
It’s worth noting that this story is a local one. While apartment construction has slowed since the pandemic in many Sun Belt metros (e.g., Austin, TX), it continues to grow in others (e.g., North Port, FL)—and overall, the region continues to build more housing than other parts of the country. It’s actually metros in the West that are currently leading the decline in multifamily permits, which we discuss further in the final section of this report.
North Port, FL and Austin, TX are permitting more multifamily housing than any other major metro
North Port, FL granted permits to build 65 multifamily units for every 10,000 people over the past year. That’s the highest level among the 78 U.S. metros Redfin analyzed with populations of at least 750,000.
Developers are also still targeting Austin for growth despite falling rents. The Texas metro granted permits to build 63.6 multifamily units for every 10,000 people—the second highest among the metros Redfin analyzed. Rounding out the top five are Cape Coral, FL (also 63.6), Raleigh, NC (43.7) and Columbus, OH (42).
At the other end of the spectrum is Stockton, CA, which recorded zero multifamily permits in the past year. The metro with the second-fewest permits was Bakersfield, CA (0.9 units per 10,000 people), followed by El Paso, TX (1.6), New Orleans (2.7) and Providence, RI (2.7).
Most major metros have seen a decline in multifamily permits since the pandemic
Over half (59%) of the metros Redfin analyzed have seen a drop in multifamily construction permits since the pandemic era.
Stockton saw the biggest drop in permitted units per 10,000 people (-100%), followed by San Jose, CA (-74.5%), Colorado Springs, CO (-68.1%), Rochester, NY (-62.7%) and Philadelphia (-62.1%).
Oklahoma City, OK led the list of metros with the biggest increases (205%), followed by Providence, RI (150%), Pittsburgh (131%), Cape Coral, FL (126%) and Hartford, CT (123%).
Metro-level summary: 78 U.S. metros with populations of at least 750,000
| U.S. metro area | Permits issued per 10,000 people: Past year (July 2024-June 2025 average) | Permits issued per 10,000 people: Pandemic period (July 2020-June 2023 average) | Permits issued per 10,000 people: Pre-pandemic period (July 2014-June 2020 average) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Albany, NY | 15.1 | 9.7 | 12.5 |
| Albuquerque, NM | 13 | 12.3 | 3 |
| Allentown, PA | 9.2 | 5 | 1.7 |
| Atlanta, GA | 17.7 | 12.7 | 16.1 |
| Austin, TX | 63.6 | 105.1 | 45.6 |
| Bakersfield, CA | 0.9 | 1.8 | 2.1 |
| Baltimore, MD | 12.2 | 11.7 | 8.5 |
| Baton Rouge, LA | 3.4 | 1.5 | 2.1 |
| Birmingham, AL | 2.8 | 3.1 | 6 |
| Boise City, ID | 15.9 | 37 | 15.7 |
| Boston, MA | 11.1 | 22.2 | 15.3 |
| Bridgeport, CT | 18.5 | 8.7 | 8.8 |
| Buffalo, NY | 3.3 | 4.3 | 4.9 |
| Cape Coral, FL | 63.6 | 28.2 | 26.2 |
| Charleston, SC | 18.9 | 29.7 | 22.9 |
| Charlotte, NC | 24.2 | 32.2 | 28.8 |
| Chicago, IL | 7.5 | 7 | 9.4 |
| Cincinnati, OH | 9.5 | 10.5 | 6.9 |
| Cleveland, OH | 3 | 1.9 | 1.5 |
| Colorado Springs, CO | 16.6 | 52 | 16.2 |
| Columbia, SC | 13 | 12.5 | 8 |
| Columbus, OH | 42 | 24.6 | 17.1 |
| Dallas, TX | 30.4 | 27.3 | 31 |
| Dayton, OH | 6.7 | 5.6 | N/A |
| Denver, CO | 25.1 | 47.7 | 32.5 |
| Detroit, MI | 6.6 | 6.7 | 3.8 |
| El Paso, TX | 1.6 | 2.6 | 10.8 |
| Fresno, CA | 4.8 | 5.5 | 5.2 |
| Grand Rapids, MI | 9.3 | 6.7 | 12 |
| Greensboro, NC | 17.3 | 14.8 | 9.7 |
| Greenville, SC | 14.6 | 22 | 15.6 |
| Hartford, CT | 8.7 | 3.9 | 6.1 |
| Honolulu, HI | 6.6 | 9 | 14 |
| Houston, TX | 20.2 | 25.8 | 21.7 |
| Indianapolis, IN | 14.5 | 15 | 10.8 |
| Jacksonville, FL | 18.1 | 39.7 | 18.6 |
| Kansas City, MO | 19 | 19.5 | 16.5 |
| Knoxville, TN | 30.5 | 16.2 | 9.3 |
| Las Vegas, NV | 10.2 | 16 | 14.3 |
| Los Angeles, CA | 9.7 | 13.4 | 15.5 |
| Louisville, KY | 20 | 11.1 | 12.4 |
| McAllen, TX | 7.4 | 5.2 | 9.4 |
| Memphis, TN | 3.4 | 6.5 | 7.1 |
| Miami, FL | 21.1 | 25.2 | 20.9 |
| Milwaukee, WI | 9.2 | 6.2 | 9.2 |
| Minneapolis, MN | 14.2 | 37.3 | 18.1 |
| Nashville, TN | 26.3 | 57.3 | 31.6 |
| New Haven, CT | 5.1 | 5.4 | 4.9 |
| New Orleans, LA | 2.7 | 5.7 | 2 |
| New York, NY | 16.7 | 21.5 | 20.2 |
| North Port, FL | 65 | 34.7 | 26.9 |
| Oklahoma City, OK | 6.7 | 2.2 | 4.8 |
| Omaha, NE | 33.8 | 27.8 | 16.1 |
| Orlando, FL | 38.2 | 42.3 | 28.9 |
| Oxnard, CA | 11.6 | 9.7 | 8.4 |
| Philadelphia, PA | 7.8 | 20.7 | 8.6 |
| Phoenix, AZ | 23.2 | 30.1 | 17 |
| Pittsburgh, PA | 7.9 | 3.4 | 3.1 |
| Portland, OR | 11.4 | 21.3 | 29.5 |
| Providence, RI | 2.7 | 1.1 | 1.6 |
| Raleigh, NC | 43.7 | 42.2 | 27.7 |
| Richmond, VA | 36.7 | 26 | 11 |
| Riverside, CA | 8.4 | 5.6 | 5.6 |
| Rochester, NY | 3 | 8.1 | 6.9 |
| Sacramento, CA | 10.5 | 10.7 | 5.1 |
| Salt Lake City, UT | 20.2 | 46.9 | 27.2 |
| San Antonio, TX | 14.4 | 28.4 | 9.7 |
| San Diego, CA | 23.6 | 19.9 | 16.9 |
| San Francisco, CA | 9.3 | 16.2 | 21.5 |
| San Jose, CA | 4.6 | 18 | 27.3 |
| Seattle, WA | 19.8 | 45.6 | 36.9 |
| St. Louis, MO | 7 | 10.5 | 7.3 |
| Stockton, CA | 0 | 5.3 | 1.3 |
| Tampa, FL | 22.2 | 17.1 | 15.8 |
| Tucson, AZ | 9.1 | 11.5 | 7 |
| Tulsa, OK | 7.4 | 7.7 | 6.1 |
| Virginia Beach, VA | 5.8 | 12.4 | 10.8 |
| Washington, D.C. | 11.9 | 21.8 | 17.7 |
Methodology
A building permit is an approval given by a local jurisdiction to move forward with a construction project. Not all areas require permits. National figures in this report cover the entire U.S., while the metro sections below cover the 78 U.S. metros with populations of at least 750,000.
